Breast Cancer The Second Most Common Cause Of Cancer Essay

Breast Cancer Part A:- According to Cancer council Australia, Breast cancer was the second most common cause of cancer death in women in 2012 whereas it is expected to be the 3rd most common cause of cancer death this year. In 2012, 15166 cases of new breast cancer were diagnosed whereas the estimated number of new breast cancer diagnosis in 2016 is about 16084 with 90% five year survival rate. (Cancer Australia â€Å", 2016). Breast cancer accounts 12.3% of all cancer diagnosis and 6.3% of cancer deaths in Australia. The diagnosis of breast cancer in men is low compared to women. (1 in 688 by the age of 85). In Australia the disease burden is described as DALY. The disability adjusted life year (DALY) is the number of healthy years lost due to disease, injury or early death. The expected DALY for men due to breast cancer is about 140 and for women is about 61300 which accounts 24% cancer burden of women. (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016). Specific community groups at risk:- The association between presence of risk factors and the development of Breast Cancer remains unclear. Main risk factors includes # Sex: Breast cancer is mostly diagnosed among women with an average of 37 newly diagnosed cases each day. The incidence of breast cancer is very low in men due to less development of breast tissue and minimal or no exposure to tumour promoting female hormones. #Age: Peak age of diagnosis of Breast Cancer in women variesShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : The Most Common Form Of Cancer937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women in the United states and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Although it is more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer as it forms through cells in the breast. As stated by the cancer center of America â€Å"The milk-producing ducts and glands are the two most likely areas to develop cancerous cells.† This is why it is most common in females, as males lack the ducts and glands that women have making them moreRead MoreBreast Cancer : Causes, Signs And Symptoms And Risk Factors1539 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature on overview of breast cancer, its causes, signs and symptoms and risk factors. It will also look at literature on screening methods of breast cancer, particularly mammogram. OVERVIEW OF BREAST CANCER According to Rodney et al (2003), breast cancer is the commonly occurring cancer in women, responsible for one third of all malignancies in females. It is said to be the second to lung cancer as a cause of cancer mortality and has been found to be the leading cause of death for American womenRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which arises in cells that lines breast duct. Many imaging techniques are used for the screening and diagnosis, but typically patients are diagnosed at advanced stage only, and the prognosis is associated with early detection. At present serum and protein biomarkers improving early detection of breast cancer, these make better treatment options with a better responseRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer Disease Overview Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when aRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay993 Words   |  4 Pages Breast cancer’s a group of cells that are cancer cells called malignant. Malignant is a tumor, which starts in parts of the breast. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women but not as bad of a death for men. Males or females, are born with some breast cells and tissues that have the possibility to turn into cancer cells. (â€Å"Definition.†) Any type of cancer begins in the cells. The cells are the basic building blocks that’ll make the tissue. If the process of cell growth goesRead MoreCancer : A Type Of Disease1203 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper: Cancer Cancer, is a type of disease that involves abnormal cell growth and has the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors are cancerous, there is one type that is not cancerous; benign tumors (which do not spread to other parts of the body). Possible signs and symptoms include: a distinct lump, a lengthened cough, irregular bleeding, unexplained weight loss, a difference in bowel movements, and many others. While these symptoms may cause cancer, they mayRead MoreCancer Is An Issue Worldwide That Does Not Favor Race,1433 Words   |  6 PagesCancer is an issue worldwide that does not favor race, gender, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Although, particular cancer’s can effect some individuals more than others. For example, breast cancer. According to the Center of Disease Control Preventions (2017), â€Å"Both women and men can get breast cancer, though it is much more common in women.† In the United States, breast cancer is the second lead ing cancer among women of any race. It is the most common cause of death from cancer among HispanicsRead MoreBreast Cancer Awareness1695 Words   |  7 PagesThesis Statement: While both women and men can also get the breast cancer disease there is a cure with awareness to breast cancer. I. Breast Cancer and Who It Attacks A) What Is the Disease and Who It Affects 1. Disease which is a malignant cancer 2. Cells forms within the tissue of the breast 3. Victims are shocked 4. Both men and women get this disease 5. Women will be diagnosed more than men II. Common Risks Factors For Breast Cancer A) This Disease Can Be Caused By 1. One’s diet and lifestyle Read MoreOncology and Breast Foundation Essay example1072 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there a number of risk factors. Risks that you cannot change include+++++++etc. Other risks, which you can change, include being overweight, using hormone replacement therapy, taking birth control pills, drinking alcohol, not having children or having your first child after age 35 or having denseRead MoreMale Breast Cancer Essay861 Words   |  4 Pages Breast cancer in males is quite common, yet still many people are unaware of this disease. Often, it can go undiagnosed until the cancer is in the fourth stage. Every year over 2,000 men will be diagnosed, but only 54% will survive. Cancer in men is often overlooked as it is almost 100 times less common in men than women. During a man’s entire lifespan, the risk of having a diagnosis is about one in one-thousand. The most common symptom of this devastating disease are a lump or some swelling. This

Tourette Syndrome Essays - 1139 Words

Tourette Syndrome Tourette syndrome is an inherited severe neurological disorder usually occurring before the age of eighteen and is associated with a degree of facial and body tics sometimes accompanied by random declarations of phrases or obscenities (2,3). The facial and body tics associated with the disorder can be painful and even embarrassing. Involuntary body movements such as jaw snapping, gyrating, hopping, and obscene gesturing are to name a few (1). Tourette Syndrome was named after a French neuropsychiatrist named Gilles de la Tourette who successfully assessed the disorder in the late 1800’s(3). Tourette Syndrome claims no specific race or ethnicity. The disorder generally can affect any ethnic group yet it does†¦show more content†¦Associated with the motor tics experienced by the patient are sometimes more self-destructive behavior such as head banging, eye poking, and lip biting (1). There have also been cases of various learning disabilities connected with Toure tte Syndrome such as dyslexia (4). Vocal tic behavior in patients diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome include outbursts of meaningless words or phrases. The vocal tics disrupt the regular flow of speech and cause the patient to stammer or stutter (1). Inappropriate outbursts called coprolalia are considered involuntary. Coprolalia may also take place in this display of vocal tic disorder. However, coprolalia only takes place in a small number of Tourette Syndrome sufferer’s (1). Each individual suffering from Tourette Syndrome should be evaluated as such. Certain manifestations of Tourette Syndrome may disable one in certain parts of their life such as in their school performance, while it may affect another’s personality or psyche (3). It may affect a totally different behavioral dimension in one’s life than that of another diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome. Although research on Tourette Syndrome is ongoing, it is believed that the disorder isShow MoreRelated Tourette Syndrome Essay612 Words   |  3 Pages Tourette Syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by tics; involuntary, rapid, sudden movements or vocalizations that occur repeatedly in the same way. Diagnostic criteria include: both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics present at some time, although not necessarily simultaneously, the occurrence of tics many times a day (usually in bouts) nearly everyday or intermittently throughout the span of more than one year; period changes in the number, frequently, type and location of theRead MoreEssay on Tourette Syndrome2025 Words   |  9 Pageswhile, but eventually you give in† (Marlene Targ Brill 18). Tourette syndrome can be compared to poison ivy in some aspects. Individuals with Tourette syndrome have been suffering with tics and tantrums for hundreds of years, but today there are treatments that can help co ntrol the symptoms of Tourettes, allowing sufferers to live a normal life. The history of Tourette syndrome is very interesting. Hundreds of years ago those with Tourettes were thought of very differently all around the world. Read More Tourette Syndrome Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesTourette Syndrome Tourette Syndrome, or TS, affects approximately one hundred thousand Americans of whom you will find in a variety of professions and social settings (7). It is a neurological disease which is characterized by repeated and involuntary body movements and vocal sounds. Before TS was known to be a health problem uncontrollable by the patient, it was seen as nervousness, possession by a spirit, epilepsy or simply as bad habits (5). Today it is known that imbalances in certain brainRead MoreTaking a look at Tourette Syndrome892 Words   |  4 PagesTourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder of the brain that is observed in people who have involuntary movements or vocalizations called tics. Named after Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette who first discovered this disorder, this French neurologist described a noblewoman who exhibited these symptoms in 1885. These tics could range from repetitive movements to inappropriate vocalizations. Early symptoms of Tourette syndrome occur in children at around 3 and 9 years and occur in equal percentages inRead MoreTourette Syndrome Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesSyndromes do not define who a person is. Tourette’s is a syndrome that affects a person’s compulsion control. Dr. Sacks, the neurologist who wrote â€Å"A Surgeon’s Life† has an interest in the disorder, and befriended a surgeon with Tourettes. Tourette Syndrome is a part of a person, but Dr. Bennet shows that it is not who the person is. Those affected by Tourette Syndrome are most commonly categorized as having compulsions, or a lack of control over certain words and phrases. They act as â€Å"one...drivenRead MoreEssay about Tourette Syndrome3755 Words   |  16 PagesTourette Syndrome Works Cited Not Included Tourette Syndrome was named for George Gilles de la Tourette, who first discovered the syndrome in 1885. Today there is still a mystery surrounding the disorder, it?s causes and it?s cures. But one of the biggest mysteries is an associated behavior called coprolalia. This symptom is the uncontrolled swearing or socially unacceptable utterances that some with Tourettes experience. Although despite the media?s fascination, Tourette syndrome is notRead MoreExploring the Disorder, Tourette Syndrome Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesTourette syndrome is a neurological disorder first described by a French physician named Georges Gilles de la Tourette, in 1885. Tourette syndrome (TS) consists of varies abrupt, rapid, involuntary, and repeated movements or vocal sounds, known as tics. â€Å"Until 1970, TS was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy, or nervous habits,† concluding that this mental disorder is extremely rare and has similar ch aracteristics as other mental disorders (Kahn and FawcettRead MoreEssay on Ticcing Away: Tourette Syndrome3162 Words   |  13 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Tourette Kids† Sometimes we are happy Sometimes we are sad Sometimes we get teased Sometimes we get mad Although we seem different When tics appear each day Remember this disease chose us And no the other way So if we jerk, or yell, or swear Please try not to forget It isn’t us doing it But a disease called Tourette ----Jason Valencia---- Touretter 1986, 10 years old Living with Tourette syndrome gives a deeper insight to the highly misunderstoodRead MoreGilles De La Tourette Syndrome2189 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract: Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by both motor and phonic tics over a period of at least one year with the onset in childhood or adolescence. Apart from the tics, most of the patients with Tourette syndrome have associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities consisting of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, rage attacks, sleep issues, depression, and migraine. Patients may also have physical complications directly from violentRead MoreWhat makes me tic?: An investigation into the possible causes of Tourette syndrome and its2400 Words   |  10 PagesWhat makes me tic?: An investigation into the possible causes of Tourette syndrome and its symptoms Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, commonly known as â€Å"Tourette syndrome,† â€Å"Tourette’s,† or simply â€Å"TS,† is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder producing sudden, repetitive movements and sounds, known as â€Å"tics,† which are beyond an individual’s control. The condition is named after French physician Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first published an account of its symptoms in the 1880s (Felling Singer

Halloween in Calgary Free Essays

Story assignment two Halloween is one of the biggest days of the year, and from the many who celebrate it can agree that a lot goes into preparation. â€Å"This is the one time a year where you get to dress up and pretend to be someone you’re not† said Sean Mason. A first year SAIT ACAD student excited to spend his first Halloween living on SAIT’s residence and celebrate his first in Calgary. We will write a custom essay sample on Halloween in Calgary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Halloween is celebrated differently the older we get, from going door to door receiving candies from strangers to preparing nd attending parties. Some are traditions that people share with their families and others Just like to celebrate by themselves. â€Å"Being away from family is tough around Halloween†. Mason told me, â€Å"l take my sister trick or treating every year, guess this is the one year she’ll have to go without me and that’s kind of heartbreaking. † It’s amazing how something as small as taking a younger sibling trick or treating could have such a huge significance. With all the things he will miss, Mason is still looking forwards to the holidays. He seems to be excited for the spending Halloween with some of the new classmates and friends he’s met this semester, and experience first-hand Halloween in Calgary. Not all post-secondary students Halloween celebrations are full of excitement, so claims second year SAIT business student Krystal Duffy. â€Å"Halloween is the one night a year where girls use that lame excuse to dress slutty, and honestly it sickens me. How to cite Halloween in Calgary, Papers

Costing Model Evaluating Effectiveness of RFID

Question: Discuss about the Costing Model for Evaluating Effectiveness of RFID. Answer: Introduction Activity-Based Management (ABM) is defined as a method used in the internal analysis of a business aimed at identifying its activities and evaluating them on the basis of the cost incurred and the value added by the activities (Chung-Kai, Chun-Yu, 2017). The same study denotes that the main idea of ABM is analyzing the activities in relation to the business operation while identifying the possible opportunities for improving the profitability and efficiency of the business. On the other hand, Activity Based Costing (ABC) is a method of accounting that helps in identifying the activities performed by a business organization while assigning direct indirect costs to the product results of the activities (Ippolito et al., 2016). In other words, ABC as an accounting system helps in recognizing the relationship between products, costs, and activities in a relationship through which it enables the assigning of indirect costs to products that are less arbitrary than the traditional accounti ng methods. This paper evaluates and presents the importance of Activity Based Management and Activity Based Costing in a contemporary environment of a business. Uses of Activity-Based Management in an organization ABM is often known to be a procedure that begun operation in the 1980s as essential in analyzing a business process with the aim of identifying the weaknesses and strengths of the business. Kim, Han, Yi, and Chang (2016) points out that ABM mainly targets section of the business that are causing financial losses with the aim of eliminating or improving the activities or the areas to increase the business productivity and profitability. The same study denotes that ABM helps a business in analyzing the costs of equipment, facilities, employees, and overhead distribution in the business among other factors. Chung-Kai and Chun-Yu (2017) point out that ABM can be applied in different types of businesses organizations such as non-profit org., government agencies, service providers, manufacturers, and schools among other sectors. It is hence essential in providing the cost information of the business in all facets of its operation. The analysis of ABM involves the classification of business activities as non-value-added or value-added. In his study, Dimitropoulos (2007) denotes that value added activities has a positive impact on the business as it increases the perception of the customers towards the value they have on the products of the organization. On the other hand, non-value added activities forces the business to incur costs but has no positive influence on the perception of the customers towards the products offered by the organization. Once the evaluation process on the value of the organization is completed, the organization can then focus on the activities that add value to its businesses while eliminating or reducing those that add not value to the business. Forcina (2015) denotes that companies that utilize ABM may often rank the value addition in a chosen scale of either one to five or one to ten so as to demonstrate the various levels and degrees of the customers perception towards the value add ition of each activity. From the analysis, it is evident that Activity-Based Management has specific objectives that it aims at achieving within the organization. Trowbridge (2013) points out that ABM often targets at achieving two major objectives. These include identifying and enhancing value-added activities in different facets of the business, identifying and eliminating or reducing non-value added activities, and redesigning the operational procedures of the company. These goals when achieved will help the organization to improve efficiency, maximizing value-added activities, and cutting wasteful spending on the invaluable activities. Uses of Activity-Based Costing According to ElGammal et al. (2016), the use of Activity Based Costing is often adopted in manufacturing organizations as it helps in enhancing the cost of data reliability thus producing a better classification of costs the company has incurred while executing its processes of production. Runliang and Bingning (2015) also point out that this costing accounting system is often adopted in product costing, product line, and target costing analysis, service pricing, as well as the analysis of the customer profitability. The method of accounting is thus hugely popular as it helps businesses to develop a much better and effective corporate strategy and focus when costs are better grasped. According to cost accountants, using the traditional cost accounting methods can often obscure or hide information on the costs of individual services or products, mainly when the local rules of cost allocation misrepresents the actual usage of resources according to Spiewak (2012). In such a case, the adoption of ABC is driven by the need of understanding the true costs of individual services and products with more accuracy. In support of the concept, Adane, Abiy, and Desta (2015) denote that companies often implement activity based accounting with the aim of identifying unprofitable individual products, finding the true cost of products and services for proper pricing policy, and revealing unnecessary costs that are worth elimination. Activity Based Costing is thus essential in the enhancement of the costing process in three major ways. Zakka et al. (2016) denote that ABC helps in expanding the number of cost pools hence suitable for assembling the overhead costs. Instead of the accumulation of all costs within one companywide pool, ABC helps the company to pool costs through its activities. The resulting effect is that it creates new bases for the assigning of overhead costs to different items to enable the allocation of costs on the basis of the costs-generating activities instead of focusing on the volume measures such as direct labor costs or machine hours. In support of this idea, Charaf and Rahmouni (2014) denote that ABC accounting system alters the organizational nature of various indirect costs enabling them to be traced to certain activities. The examples of these indirect costs include inspection, power, and depreciation among others. In a systematic review, Park and Simpson (2008) denote that ABC can be adopted by an organization to identify wasteful products. The study reveals that every ABC method adopted by a company for similar costs to production performance hence allowing the business to have a clear understanding on the progress of the overhead costs. The study hence denotes that the data can be used in identifying unnecessary costs and wasteful products to enable the productive use of resources. Park, J., Simpson (2008) also denote that the process can as well be used in fixing prices of services and products that are incorrect or excessive. In other words, the overall products and the quality of services can increase as the data details presented from the ABC can help in identifying cost and production issues that need to be resolved. According to Elgammal et al. (2016), adopting ABC in a business helps in improving the process of business for the organization. The ABC system adopted helps in allocating indirect costs on the basis of the product cost driver or on the factors creating costs. In other words, as these costs are allocated per product, a picture begin emerging in evaluating the business process that performs well and which other process calls for improvement. Analysis of the trends identified In their review, Kihuba et al. (2016) point out that management methods and practices have changed over the last decade. The same study denotes that organizations are moving from vertical to horizontal management systems. It is denoted as a move from a functionally oriented to a process system orientation adopting the use of just-in-time, total quality management, and business process reengineering as horizontal management initiatives for improvement. These are initiatives that are designed with the aim of improving the working process of the organization while ensuring its activities efficiently and effectively exceed or meet the ever changing requirements of customers. Park and Simpson (2008) also denote that the management information systems of tracking and providing information concerning the business horizontal aspects have significantly lagged behind the needs of the management. Activity-Based Management is hence adopted as a trend in many organizations to fill the required information as it provides the cost and operating information that often reflects the horizontal view of the business (Kihuba et al., 2016). The focus of ABM in horizontal business view provides the accurate information on the cost of services, products, distribution channels, activities, projects, contracts, and customer segments. The trend of ABM adopted by many organizations hence makes the costs and operation information useful as it provides cost drivers, value analysis, and measures of performance that can initiate, support, or drive improvement efforts and better decision-making. Depending on the organization adopting the accounting system, the Activity Based Costing is adopted in different trends (Charaf Rahmouni, 2014),). For instance, in the manufacturing companies, most manufacturing companies divides the overhead costs within the business into various activity centers mainly the machining, assembly, and quality inspection activity costs. Tsai et al. (2015) point out that each of these three activity centers does possess associated factors or costs drivers that influence the costs. For example, the machining activity costs can take into consideration the processing hours or the machine while the total number of the parts used can be considered in the assembly activity costs. Knowledge integration From the analysis of different literature presented in this manuscript, the adoption of the Activity based Accounting and the Activity-based Management accounting tools are adopted by many organizations as opposed to the traditional accounting methods. ElGammal et al. (2016) point out that they are often viewed as an opportunity for achieving the desire of improving the costing accuracy mainly to get very closer to the true costs as well as the return on investment for programs and projects among other initiatives in the business. Kihuba et al. (2016) also denote that organizations which effectively and consistently use activity-based accounting are viewed as practicing activity-based management. In other words, the management adopts ABC in supporting pricing deleting or adding items from product portfolio, choosing between in-house and outsourcing production, as well as the evaluation of the process improvement initiative. However, Charaf and Rahmouni (2014) assert that implementing Activity Based Accounting requires the very detailed information on the specific company activities such as the services, products, and tasks together with complete and detailed information on the resources consumed by these activities such as labor, time, etc. In a strategic survey, Chen et al. (2014) denote that any organization or company considering implementing or already implementing ABM needs to identify that certain market factors or products might be beneficial to the organization. However, some factors may not lead to the desired successful implementation goals. As a result, ABM can be adopted by the organization to solve the dilemma of what factors to implement as it gives a better chance to establish a beneficial costing for a valuable business output. However, ElGammal et al. (2016) denote that the process often comes with a challenge as it difficult finding out what costs are relevant for a particular activity. At the same time, the individuals involved in the process may also be suspicious of the other colleagues charged with the responsibility of evaluation. Adane, Abiy, and Desta (2015) also denote that some areas tend to overlap increasing their complexity and difficulty of separating them in addition to ABM being a costly process. The Activity-based costing or activity-based accounting id often used as a way of allocating costs on the basis of a number of resources that a service or a product can consume. Zakka et al. (2014) denote that its adoption is often essential in business organizations which provide customized services or products. Te same study denotes that a customized environment of production in a business requires allocation of the ABC on actual indirect costs to specific products so as to identify the true cost of the product. In their study, Kujacic (2015) also denotes that the process of implementing ABC can be a very challenging task for every business as the process has got its opportunities and challenges of implementation as well. The adoption of Activity Based Costing often comes with challenges to the organization as some costs are often difficult to assign through this cost such as office staff salaries and management expenses when focusing on assigning them to a specific product produced as pointed out by Kali?anin and KneÃ… ¾evi? (2013). For this reasons, its use is mostly adopted in the manufacturing industries as denoted by the same study. Additionally, its process of implementation is quite expensive as setting up an effective ABC accounting system requires many procedures and takes a longer time. In the process of analyzing the business activities, they have to be broken down into the individual components of each activity. According to Charaf and Rahmouni (2014), the process will require using up other valuable resources in the process of data collection, measurement, and entry into the new system adopted. The same study denotes that the process may as well require the assistance of a consultant with effective skills in the specialization to ensure a proper setup of the ABC system and provide training to the employees on how it is used. With modern technology, Spiewak (2012) denotes that most companies are currently using software that also adds additional expense to the process of implementation but it can be used in automating most of the manual aspects required while using ABC. According to Diavastisa et al. (2016), the misinterpretation of data is often a common challenge for many businesses. ABC system produced reports often contain essential information such as the activity product margin that often varies from that reported while using the traditional cost methods. In other cases, the Activity Based Costing may contain some irrelevant information due to the decision-making scenarios adopted. For instance, Ippolito et al. (2016) denote that ABC should not be used for external reporting as it does not confirm to any recommended accounting standard. The same study denotes that since the traditional cost figures are often the norm, the interpretation of ABC data together with the regular information of accounting can be very confusing leading to bad decision-making. Conclusion ABM and ABC have caused a radical change in managing cost for the organizational resources and activities. Activity-Based Management is essential in supporting the organizational excellence as it provides information essential in facilitating long-term strategic decisions on issues such as sourcing and product mix. It helps the product designers in understanding the impact their different designs can cause on the flexibility and cost for the possibility modifying the designs accordingly. The ABM adoption in business supports the organizational desire for continually improving the performance of the organizations as it allows the management to evaluate and gain new insights into the productivity and performance. ABM hence focuses on permitting the management with the aim of creating behavioral incentives that can improve the different facet aspects of the business. On the other hand, Activity Based Costing is not a method of costing but a tool for better management of the organization. The tool is a one-off activity that measures the performance and the cost of resources, activities, as well as the objects that consume them so as to generate accurate and meaningful data or information for effective decision-making within the organization. The use of activity-based costing or costing can hence be adopted as an essential tool in gaining a cost advantage over business competitors while increasing efficiency in operational and strategic decisions that can, in turn, lead to improved financial performance and profitability. The impact of using ABC and ABM in businesses hence helps in boosting their financial performances. References Adane, K., Abiy, Z., Desta, K. (2015). The revenue generated from clinical chemistry and hematology laboratory services as determined using activity-based costing (ABC) model.Cost Effectiveness Resource Allocation,131-7. doi:10.1186/s12962-015-0047-7 Charaf, K., Rahmouni, A. F. (2014). Using importance performance analysis to evaluate the satisfaction of Activity-Based Costing adopters.Accounting Management Information Systems / Contabilitate Si Informatica De Gestiune,13(4), 665-685. Chen, H., Chiu, A., Huang, S., Chen, C. (2014). The application of the theory of constraints and activity-based management to business excellence: the case of automotive electronics manufacture firms.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,21(5/6), 535-549. doi:10.1080/14783363.2013.820023 Chung-Kai, H., Chun-Yu, L. (2017). Flipping Business Education: Transformative Use of Team-Based Learning in Human Resource Management Classrooms.Journal Of Educational Technology Society,20(1), 323-336. Diavastis, I., Anagnostopoulou, E., Drogalas, G., Karagiorgos, T. (2016). The interaction effect of accounting information systems user satisfaction and Activity-Based Costing use on hotel financial performance: Evidence from Greece.Accounting Management Information Systems / Contabilitate Si Informatica De Gestiune,15(4), 757-784. Dimitropoulos, P. (2007). Activity Based Costing in Sport Organizations: Theoretical Background Future Prospects.Choregia,3(2), 17-25. Elgammal, A., Turetken, O., Heuvel, W., Papazoglou, M. (2016). Formalizing and appling compliance patterns for business process compliance.Software Systems Modeling,15(1), 119-146. doi:10.1007/s10270-014-0395-3 ElGammal, W., Zakka, J. S., El-Kassar, A., Dandash, G. (2016). Reasons behind the non-application of the activity based management system in developing countries, case of Lebanon.Journal Of Developing Areas,50(3), 417-435. Forcina, A. (2015). An Activity based Costing Model for Evaluating Effectiveness of RFID Technology in Pallet Reverse Logistics System.AIP Conference Proceedings,1648(1), 1-4. doi:10.1063/1.4912791 Huang, S., Chen, H., Chiu, A., Chen, C. (2014). The application of the theory of constraints and activity-based costing to business excellence: the case of automotive electronics manufacture firms.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(5/6), 532-545. doi:10.1080/14783363.2013.820023 Ippolito, A., Boni, S., Cinque, E., Greco, A., Salis, S. (2016). Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Establish a Tariff System for Home Health Care Services.Journal Of Healthcare Management,61(6), 436-448. Kali?anin, D., KneÃ… ¾evi?, V. (2013). Activity-Based Costing As An Information Basis For An Efficient Strategic Management Process.Ekonomski Anali / Economic Annals,58(197), 95-119. doi:10.2298/EKA1397095K Kihuba, E, Gheorghe, A, Bozzani, F., English, M, Griffiths, U. K, (2016). Opportunities and challenges for implementing cost accounting systems in the Kenyan health system. Global Health Action,91-11. doi:10.3402/gha.v9.30621 Tsai, W., Tsaur, T., Chou, Y., Liu, J., Hsu, J., Hsieh, C. (2015). Integrating the activity-based costing system and life-cycle assessment into green decision-making. International Journal Of Production Research,53(2), 451-465. doi:10.1080/00207543.2014.951089 Kim, Y., Han, S., Yi, J., Chang, S. (2016). Supply chain cost model for prefabricated building material based on time-driven activity-based management.Canadian Journal Of Civil Engineering,43(4), 287-293. doi:10.1139/cjce-2015-0010 Kujacic, M., Blagojevic, M., Sarac, D., Vesovic, V. (2015). The Modified Activity-Based Costing Method in Universal Postal Service Area: Case Study of the Montenegro Post.Engineering Economics,26(2), 142-151. doi:10.5755/j01.ee.26.2.2818 Park, J., Simpson, T. W. (2008). Toward an activity-based costing system for product families and product platforms in the early stages of development.International Journal Of Production Research,46(1), 99-130. doi:10.1080/00207540600825240 Runliang, D., Bingning, P. (2015). Managing risk for business processes: A fuzzy based multi-agent system.Journal Of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems,29(6), 2717-2726. doi:10.3233/IFS-151975 Spiewak, J. (2012). Activity-based costing as an innovative tool for the management of food processing enterprises in the kuyavian-pomeranian province. Studies Proceedings Polish Association For Knowledge Management, (61), 113-123. Trowbridge, M. m. (2013). Overcoming Legal Liability Concerns for Activity-Based Management for Business Activity Promotion.American Journal Of Public Health,103(11), 1962-1968. Zakka, J. S., El-Kassar, A., ElGammal, W., Dandash, G. (2016). Reasons behind the non-application of the activity based costing system in developing countries, case of lebanon.Journal Of Developing Areas,50(3), 417-435.

Psychology and Old School Students free essay sample

Psychology of Sport and Exercise †¢ What levels of psychological arousal are most effective for players in team sports? †¢ What methods are available to combat crippling anxiety in competitive sport? †¢ Why exercise hurts: an exploration of the processes and functions of fatigue and pain †¢ How effective can exercise be in combating clinical depression? †¢ How does participation in team sports influence the development of social skills in 12-16 year old school students? * †¢ To what extent does personality affect an elite sportsman’s performance? Psychology and Education †¢ How far is intelligence determined by heredity or how far is it malleable? †¢ What are the pros and cons of ‘hothousing ‘ of young children, as a way to develop precocious talent? †¢ What is the relationship between precocious talent and adult achievement? ( e.g. in Music) †¢ How far can children be taught to excel in the visual Arts? * †¢ Do children who have attended some form of pre-schooling when under the age of 5 yrs have an educational advantage when they start school? †¢ Is the UK government new national curriculum for the under-5’s ‘a threat to all toddlers?’ What is the right age to start (formal) school ? †¢ Which method of teaching reading works best? †¢ Why is dyslexia almost unknown in Italy? †¢ What is the source of the advantage that Chinese children appear to have in Mathematics? * †¢ Is it true that the stages of cognitive development are universal in all cultures? †¢ ‘Spare the rod and spoil the child’. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology and Old School Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What effects do different disciplinary styles and policies in schools have on the behaviour and development of children? †¢ To what extent does violence in the televised media have the potential to increase the level of aggression within children? †¢ A cross-cultural comparison ( e.g. China/UK ) of the effects of schooling on motivation to learn and educational achievement †¢ A study of the effectiveness of an unusual form of schoong ( e.g. ‘Montessori’ nurseries; Rudolph Steiner schools , ‘Summerhill’. ) †¢ Should boys and girls be educated differently? †¢ What are the causes of gender and subcultural differences in educational achievement in the UK (or elsewhere) and what can or should be done? †¢ How do ‘smart drugs’ affect the brain? What are the ethical issues in the increasing use of ‘cognitive enhancers’ to boost academic performance? Dysfunctional behaviour and effectiveness of treatments and therapies †¢ Where children have been taken into care because of family problems, is it always better in principle to aim to return children to the biological mother? †¢ How important is fathering to children? †¢ Are single-parent families inevitably dysfunctional? †¢ Is depression an illness or a dysfunctional way of thinking? †¢ What are the benefits and risks of SSRI drugs? †¢ Is autism ‘an extreme form of the male brain’? – How far is it true that autism has a biological basis? †¢ How well does the lack of a ‘theory of mind’ account for the characteristic problems of individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)? †¢ A comparison of different therapeutic interventions in ASD †¢ ‘Oppositional Defiant Disorder’ – a label for children adults can’t control? -Exploration of the arguments and ethical issues around prescribing drugs to children with ADHD and related problems †¢ How do individuals respond to traumatic life experiences? Is it necessary to face past horrors or is it better to deny and suppress in terms of leading a reasonably happy or successful future life? ( NB exemplars need to be restricted to a specific context ) Social and Organizational Psychology and applications †¢ How far can psychology help us overcome prejudices? †¢ Do we all have the potential within us to do evil? †¢ How far can the committing of war atrocities be explained by Milgram’s obedience account? †¢ Can psychology help us to understand how to resolve conflict ( exemplars could be from industrial relations or conflicts between nations ) and negotiate peace ? †¢ What is the best way to be happy at work? Is happiness compatible with productivity? Is there any evidence that companies which treat their workers well are more commercially successful? †¢ What functions does work fulfil for the individual? What are the psychological consequences of current increases in job-insecurity and unemployment arising from the ‘credit-crunch’ ? †¢ How do the main sources of stress or job satisfaction differ between employees in two different employment sectors ( e.g. finance vs teaching ) ? †¢ Are there any common characteristics of ‘good leaders’ or do leaders n eed to exercise different personal qualities or styles of behaviour in different spheres? ( e.g. factory manager, vs army commander ) †¢ Are leaders born or made? †¢ Are leaders really necessary? Criminal Psychology †¢ Pathways to crime: an analysis of the interaction of biological factors and early life experience in ‘turning to crime’ †¢ Can prison work? : an evaluation of the effectiveness of the UK ‘thinking skills programme ‘ †¢ Can empathy be taught? : an evaluation of the ‘Restorative Justice’ initiative in the UK †¢ Nurseries or prisons? : An cost-benefit analysis of the effectiveness of an early intervention programme ( e.g. UK ‘Sure-Start ‘ or ‘YIP’s) †¢ How far can eye (or ear) witness testimony be trusted and what are the implications for the conduct of court proceedings? †¢ Can children be trustworthy witnesses? †¢ To what extent is it possible to make a correct profile of a criminal? †¢ How far can psychological theories and research be applied to help juries make fair decisions? †¢ Creating safe communities: an analysis of the psychology of ‘environmental crime prevention’. †¢ What advice can psychologists give to the police force on how to treat ethnic minorities fairly and avoid ‘institutional racism’? Cognitive and Neuro-Psychology †¢ How can stroke victims be helped to recover their cognitive functions or compensate for missing functions ? ( e.g memory loss) †¢ How far does  current research using fMRI and PET scanning techniques support a modular theory of the organisation of the brain? (This essay might need to be limited in scope by drawing exemplars from one cognitive function, e.g. memory OR language †¢ Is the brain organised differently in bilingual people? †¢How far can the brain recover and reorganise itself after stroke or brain-damage in early life? †¢ Is the capacity for language really unique to humans? †¢ Is it true that dolphins are as intelligent as humans? How could this be tested? †¢ How much can we learn about brain organisation from clinical case –studies ? ( again , might need to restrict exemplars to one cognitive domain) Comments on Aggression mirror neurons – to what extent can parents prevent aggressive behavior in children. No nature v. nurture! Nature v. nurture is overly reductionist and usually do not earn high marks. More topics suggested in the past: What do we know about the relationship between stress and physiological illness and can we use that knowledge to cope with stress? To what extent does psychology provide valid explanations for altruistic behaviour? What effect do autistic siblings have on their non-autistic siblings * Is it possible to determine what causes autism? Which interventions are most efficient in helping autistic children towards a better daily functioning? The difficulties of finding specific genetic factors that can predict a risk for Autism A comparison of the effectiveness of individualized counseling and family counseling in the treatment of anorexia What are the effects of the disruption of the circadian cycle by jetlag and how can the effects be avoided? The extent to which biological (or socio-cultural) factors explain the origin of homosexuality. To what extent do parents discipline style influence the temperament of the children? Montessori schools: based on a humanistic approach to education are they also in line with cognitive theory? To what extent has Criminal Profiling improved investigation methods in cases of homicide? To what extent are the causes of anorexia the result of cultural factors? To what extent is Schizophrenia no longer a viable Psychological construct? Is hypnosis an effective treatment for pain  relief? An evaluation of the effectiveness of subliminal advertising on buying habits

Music Appreciation Final Pt. 1 Essays

Music Appreciation Final Pt. 1 Essays Music Appreciation Final Pt. 1 Paper Music Appreciation Final Pt. 1 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry A musical sound is represented by a symbol called a(n): note Measures mark off groupings of beats, each with a fixed number that coincides with the meter. True A repeated rhythmic pattern in which an accented beat is followed by two unaccented beats is in: triple meter The metrical pattern in which a strong beat alternates with a weak one is called: duple meter The resting place at the end of a phrase is called: a cadence Syncopation is typical of African American dance music and spirituals. True Which of the following songs is in compound meter? Greensleeves Melodies that have numerous wide intervals are disjunct True According to the textbook, the musical element that makes the widest and most direct appeal is: melody The overall shape of a melody is called range. False Should a composer write a dil score to a horror movie, we might reasonably expect the the harmony would include a great deal of: dissonance Meter is an organizing principle shared by music and poetry. True The simultaneous use of two or more rhythmic patters is called: polyrhythm A combination of tones that is discordant and unstable produces a consonance. False A triad is a chord made up of three tones. True Generally speaking, music had grown more consonant though the ages. False Polyrhythm is the characteristic of musics of many African cultures. True In triple meter, the strongest pule occurs on: The first beat In sextuple meter, the principle accents usually fall on: beats 1 and 3 A musical sound: generally has a perceivable pitch and a measurable frequency. A succession of single tones or pitches perceives as a unit is called: a melody A collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order is called: a scale The distance between two pitches is called: an interval The two scale types commonly found in Western music from about 1650 to 1900 are major and minor. True Most musical cultures share the concept of melody or musical line. True The element of music that organizes movement in time is: rhythm Music that moves without a sense of beat or meter is called: nonmetric The distance between the highest and lowest tones of a melody is called the: range Which of the following terms describes a concordant, to agreeable, combination of tones? consonant A melody can be characterized by: All of the above The regular pulse in music is called the beat A triad is: all of the above What meter is known as common time? quadruple The deliberate shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an offbeat is called: syncopation A texture featuring a single, unaccompanied line is called: monophonic A unit of meaning within a larger structure of a melody is called: a phrase The vertical dimension of music is called: harmony Meter is the grouping of the beats The number of vibration per second is called: frequency In simple duple meter tree are beats in a measure and each beat is divisible by three. False Which of the following terms refers to the use of EVERY pitch in the range of an octave? chromatic In harmony, a place of rest and return is: the tonic The number of vibrations per second is called: frequency Which term describes a melody that moves by small intervals? conjunct The quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another is: timbre Musical punctuation, similar to a comma or period in a sentence, is called: a cadence The first accented beat of a measure is called a: downbeat Polyphonic texture is two or more melodic lines or equal importance sounding at the same time Which of the following does NOT make frequent use of pentatonic scales? Western art music When two or more independent melodic lines are combines, the resulting texture is called: polyphony In a major scale, the greatest tension lies between what two tones? 7 and 8 Active chords seek to resolve to resting chords, imparting a sense of direction or goal. True In homorhythmic texture, the melody and harmony move with the same rhythm. True With which era is chromatic music most frequently associated Romantic A twelve-tone scale, including all the semitones of he octave, is called: chromatic The term homophonic describes a single-voiced texture without accompaniment. False The interweaving of the melodic lines, or the relationship of musical lines, within a work is called: texture Which of the following terms does NOT refer to a musical scale? monophonic According to the textbook, the most commonly heard texture today is likely to be: homophony The smallest interval in the Western musical system is called: a half step Most compositions use one type of texture exclusively. False The process of passing from one key to another is known as: modulation Which symbol represents the tonic chord> I The art of counterpoint is most closely associated with monophonic texture. False In Western music, the octave is divided into how many equal intervals? twelve The procedure in which a melodic idea is presented in one voice and hen restated in another is called: imitation The musical symbol # represents a: sharp In a major scale, between which pairs of tones do the half steps occur? 3 and 4, 7 and 8 Which symbol represents the dominant chord? V Some traditional music of the Middle East and the Far East today is still monophonic. True The predominant texture used in Western music until about one thousand years ago was: monophony Chromatic music is most closely associated with the Classical era. False A musical texture featuring a single, unaccompanied line is called: monophonic The smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-rhythmic unit is called: a motive Form in music refers to the overall plan for the organization of the music The first note of the scale: all of the above A combination of tones that sounds discordant, unstable, or in need of resolution is called: dissonance Which of the following tempo markings does NOT indicate a slow tempo? allegro The restatement of a musical idea at a higher or lower pitch is called: sequence The word that indicates the music should get louder is decrescendo. False The term a cappella refers to a choral music performed: without any accompaniment A mechanism that generates musical vibrations and launches them into the air is called: an instrument Most large musical ensembles need a conductor in order to perform together. True The term pizzicato means to play in a throbbing manner. False The highest-sounding member of the woodwind family is the: piccolo The quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another is: timbre Which of the following voice types has the lowest range? bass The pipe organ is a wind instrument, sounded by air. True The style of a historical period is defined by: the total language of all its artists The piano is limited by a narrow range of pitches and dynamics. False Which of the following is true of all brass instruments? all of the above The approximate dates for the Renaissance era are: 1450-1600 The human voice: possess lyric beauty and expressiveness that have been a model for instrument builders and players Which of the following is the lowest member of the double-reed family? the contrabassoon Which of the following brass instruments is sometimes played with the performers hand plugging the bell? French horn The modern orchestra is typically made up of thirty to forty players. False The soprano brass instrument sometimes described as possessing a brilliant timbre is the: trumpet Which is the correct order of bowed string instruments from highest to lowest in range? Violin, viola, cello, double bass Of the following, which describes the organ? all of the above Which marking is appropriate for a slow tempo? Adagio Woodwind instruments: all have holes in the pipe A set of pipes on an organ that has the same voice is known as a rank The term band refers to a: all of the above In chamber music, a piano quintet is one piano plus a string quartet The most common chamber music ensemble is the String Quartet The standard brass quintet consists of 2 trumpets, horn, trombone, tuba The two centers of power in the Middle Ages were the feudal lord and the state. False The modes were the basis for European art music for less than one hundred years. False The order of church services and the structure of each service are known as the liturgy. True During the Middle Ages, which of the following was NOT a reason to seek shelter in a monastery or convent? search for an easy life Which of the following does NOT characterize Gregorian chant? triadic harmonies A setting of Gregorian chant with one note per syllable is called: syllabic Hildegards Alleluia, O virga mediatrix has a neumatic text setting with some melismas. True In addition to composing music, Hildegard of Bingen is known for: all of the above Music notation was invented to further the goals of Christian worship. True The core of music-making today s largely based on the traditions from: Europe On which liturgical occasion(s) was Hildegards Alleliua, O virga mediatrix sung? feast days of the Virgin Mary ____is traditionally associated with collecting and organizing the chants of the church. Pope Gregory the Great A setting of plainchant with many notes per syllable is called syllabic. False What event opened the doors between East and West? the Crusades Some scholars argue that song was one of the earliest forms of speech. True Why does Gregorian chant sound so different from other types of Western music? There is no harmony The order of the church services and the structure of each service are known as the liturgy. True Which of the following was NOT a role for secular music? assisting in religious services Groups of wandering peasant class medieval secular musicians, mainly in France, were known as: Jongleurs The Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei constitute what part of the Mass? the Ordinary Minstrels were the medieval secular musicians who were considered to be the lowest order. False Medieval carols grew out of the celebration of the Midnight Mass after Western Europe was converted by the Christian Church. False What is the primary language of the Mass? Latin Free organum was most often found in tropes Troubadours, trouvà ¨res, and trobairitz were medieval poet-musicians. True Minstrel means little servant The term Dark Ages formerly referred to the time: between 500 and 1000 c.e. Since Machaut was a cleric in the church, he wrote only sacred music. False In Early motets, the voice of the motet that contains the original Gregorian melody is: the Tenor The Frankish emperor who encourages education and the concept of a centralized government was: Charlemagne The Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead is Magnificat. False When did organs begin to be used in Western European catholic churches? 10th Century AD A waytpipe all of the above Early notation suggested melodic contours using small ascending and descending signs called: neumes Some carols predate Christianity. True Only a few of the original Gregorian chant melodies still survive today. False The special Mass sung at funerals and memorials in the Roman Catholic Church is: the Requiem Surviving medieval music contains very specific instrumental indications. False In creating organum, the added voice was most often called the duplum Which type of medieval organ was the most portable? Portative Italian madrigalists set words such as weeping, trembling, and dying with great expression. True Josquins Ave Mariavirgo serena is an example of the: motet The dominant composers of the early Renaissance came from: northern Europe The syllables fa la la appeared in the refrains of secular music from ___ England Which of the following best describes the character of Farmers Fair Phyllis? pastoral and light The portion of the Mass that changes from day to day, depending on the feast celebrated, is called: the Proper Which of the following is NOT part of the Ordinary of the Mass? Alleluia Religious belief became more personal during the Renaissance. True Josquin did not use preexisting melodies in his sacred works. False Which of the following best describes the texture of ideal Renaissance sacred music? imitative Palestrina spent the bulk of his career in Rome. True After the Protestant Reformation of the early sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church responded with a movement to recapture the loyalty of its people. This was known as: the Counter-Reformation The dense counterpoint in the Pope Marcellus Mass obscures the words. False Unlike Italian madrigals, Fair Phyllis has no word painting. False Josquins career centered exclusively in his native France. False Why does the Renaissance music sound different from medieval music? all of the above Renaissance means rebirth A medieval brass instrument usually made from wood with finger holes is called: the cornetto The term antiphonal implies more than one group of performers. True England adopted the Italian madrigal and developed it into a native form. True Instrumental music was much more important than vocal music in the Renaissance. False Like the Renaissance motet, the polyphonic setting of the Mass was often based on a cantus firmus. True Although the invention of the printing press revolutionized the dissemation of the printed word, it was unadaptable to printing music. False Popular tunes were never used in the Ordinary of the Mass during the Renaissance. False An important philosophical outlook of the Renaissance was humanism Which of the following could be considered an appropriate outdoor instrument? the sackbut The greatest native-born English composer of the Baroque was: Henry Purcell The orchestral introduction heard at the beginning of an opera is called: an overture Johann Sebastian Bach was most famous in his day as a performer on: the organ The sacred cantata was an integral part of the: Lutheran church service During his lifetime, Johann Sebastian Bach was known primarily as a great organist. True George Frideric is considered a master of: the oratorio Which of the following does NOT characterize the oratorio? elaborate scenery Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion from Messiah is an example of: a da carpo aria The role of the chorus is especially important in the oratorio. True Handel wrote his oratorio over a period of four years. False Many operas during the Baroque were based on characters from Greek and Roman mythology. True Which statement is true of Baroque Era cantatas? all of the above An important composer of early operas was Monteverdi A virtuoso is someone who is very skilled in performing The earliest operas took their plots from: Greek mythology A drama that is sung is called: an opera Violin sonatas always have keyboard accompaniment. False At its inception, opera took the world by storm and was seen by huge audiences all over Western Europe. False What is the form of each individual movement in a suite? binary Handels Water Music is best described as a: suite The Baroque period was the first in which instrumental music was comparable in importance to vocal music. True Which of the following was the greatest and most prolific Italian composer of concertos? Vivaldi Vivaldi lived in Venice, where he taught music at a girls school. True Antonio Vivaldi composed over two hundred concertos for solo violin. True What is a toccata? an improvisatory, virtuosic keyboard work What is the principal element of a fugue? counterpoint A fugue is a form intended exclusively for solo keyboard performance. False Bachs last demonstration of contrapuntal mastery was: The Art of Fugue Baroque composers applied the concept of the suite to: all of the above The typical solo concierto has ___ movements. three Which of the following is a well-known set of concertos by Vivaldi? The Four Seasons The Four Seasons can be considered program music. False Which of the following was NOT an important keyboard instrument during the Baroque? the piano The___ is a keyboard form based on the principle of voices imitating each other. fugue Which of the following is a set of forty-eight preludes and fugues by Bach? The Well-Tempered Clavier In the field of keyboard music, Johann Sebastian Bachs most important collection was: The Well-Tempered Clavier Today, Baroque music is played exclusively on modern instruments. False The Baroque concerto is written for a solo instrument with a continuo accompaniment. False What is the principal element of fugue? counterpoint The keyboard instrument that uses various sets of pipes to create contrasting colors is: the organ The three main keyboard instruments of the Baroque were the harpsichord, organ, and piano. False In a fugue, the area of relaxation where the subject is not heard are called: episodes A sonata is an instrumental piece in several movements for a soloist or a small ensemble Handels Water Music Suite is so names because it was composed for a yachting trip King George I of England took down the river Thames Handel, though German, had a great interest in writing Italian opera. True The modern orchestra has its roots in the orchestra of the Baroque Era. True The Baroque technique of placing numeral, indicating the harmony required, above or below the bass notes, is called: figured bass Handels Royal Fireworks Music was performed without continuo interments when played outdoors. True In The Art of Fugue, Bach includes musical reference to his own name. True A chorale is a hymn tune associated with German Protestantism. True The woodwind instruments of the baroque period are almost identical to modern instruments. False The Royal Fireworks music was originally scored for wind band. True The concerto grosso is a form relegated almost entirely to the Baroque era. True An italian overture begins with a slow section followed by a section based on a dance rhythm. False A passion is an oratorio on the final events of the life of Jesus Christ The number of players needed to perform a Baroque basso continuo is: two Johann Sebastian Bach lived a short, unhappy life, and had no children. False Baroque trumpets were so primitive that no concertos were composed for them. False Which of the following best describes absolute music? music without a story or text Which of the following descriptions is most characteristic of a jazz performance? improvisation on reestablished harmonic patterns Which of the following compositional techniques does theme and variation form often utilize? all of the above Haydns String Quarter, Op. 76, No. 3 was nicknamed the Emperor because: The slow movement is based on a hymn written for Emperor Franz II. Haydn enjoyed phenomenal musical success with two trips to___. England The slow movement of a multi movement cycle is most frequently the third movement. False How many movements are typical of pre-Classical symphonies? three The patronage system failed to support Haydn, and he was fired to live by teaching and performing. False The nickname father of the symphony was earned by: Haydn Haydn composed the Military Symphony for his second visit to___. London Which of the following terms describes a concordant or agreeable combination of tones? consonant The earliest operas were generally based on stories from the bible. False Like the Renaissance motet, the polyphonic setting of the Mass was often based on a cantos firms. True Percussion Instruments were unknown in the Renaissance. False C.P.E. Bach all of the above In Bachs Orchestral Suite No. 3, Air refers to a very melodic movement not related to a dance rhythm The bass brass instrument in the Renaissance was the Serpent A standard string quartet consists of: 2 violins, viola, and cello The most important instrumental genre of the Classical period was: the symphony The Renaissance represented, among other things, a rebirth of interest in and admiration of the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome Performers often improvised during the Baroque Era. True The Trumpet Concerto is Haydns only concerto False Handel spent most of his adult life in Salzburg, Austria False Carols were sung during Medieval times as part of celebrations that occurred throughout the year. True An early composer of the polyphonic music was Pà ©rotin Which of the following is NOT a member of the brass family? English horn The texts of the Proper of the Mass change regularly True In a trio sonata, it was common for musicians to substitute a flute for one of the violin parts True By the time of the Renaissance, some professional singers were being employed in the larger cathedrals True An early center for the development of polyphony was the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. True The term diatonic describes melodies or harmonies that are: built from the notes of the major or minor scale Much of what we know today about the instruments and performance practice of the Renaissance is due to the work of ___ who produced the Syntagma Musicum and compiled many dance tunes in the use during the period Michael Praetorius It was through the musical innovations of the ___ that opera was born Florentine Camerata In the eighteenth century, composers were viewed as equals to the highest level of society. False During the Baroque era, some boy singers were castrated to preserve the high register of their voices, allowing them to sing high pitched operatic roles. True The piano for its name, originally pianoforte, from: its ability to be played with some degree of dynamic contrast The separate sections of a large musical work are called: movements How many movements were typical of Early or Pre-Classical symphonies? three The trumpet for which Haydn composed his Trumpet Concerto had keys Which of these is not a characteristic of the music of the Classical era? terraced dynamics Tempo refers to the speed of the beats A pipe organ has one or more keyboards known as manuals A troper is the medieval designation for a singer in the church false All woodwind instruments have what in common? Different pitches achieved by opening and closing holes Which of the following was NOT a recommendation of the Council of Trent? using more instruments to embellish church music The test of Ave Mariavirgo serena concerns: praise of the Virgin Mary The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can douse tension in music until resolved. True All musical cultures of the world divide the octave into twelve equal half steps false Later in life, Handel turned his efforts from the opera to: the oratorio One of the reasons for the success of the Renaissance motet was its free use of the vernacular languages false In many world cultures, secular songs tend to be polyphonic false In a fugue, the technique of stating the theme in faster rhythmic values is called: diminution The first era of Western music history in which instrumental music was a major focus for composers was the: Baroque Music based on the seven tones of a major or minor scale is called: diatonic A piano trio is an ensemble of three pianos False Most of the surviving music from the early Middle Ages is secular False Vivaldis solo concertos typically are in four movements False Handels Messiah is: an oratorio Thematic development provides clarity, coherence, and logic to larger musical forms. True Music is propelled forward in time by: rhythm An oratorio is a dramatic, staged work with elaborate scenery and costumes False The famous choral climax of Handels Messiah is: the Hallelujah Chorus. Musical style is best defined as the: characteristic manner of presentation of a work Chromatic music is most closely associated with the Classical era False In Islamic practice, how many times is the call to prayer sounded in a day? Five Polyphony required the development of: New melodic modes In what era did the development of polyphony begin to emerge? Romanesque Era The earliest type of polyphony was: Organum The first major center of polyphony was Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris The Notre Dame style of polyphony, in which the tenor line was based on a preexisting chant melody and the upper voice moved freely (and more rapidly), was called: Organum Who is credited with compiling the Great Book of Organum (Magnus liber organi)? Leonin Which of the following does NOT describe Gaude Maria virgo? Accompaniment with musical instruments The tradition of troubadours and trouvПres developed in France Which of the following was NOT a subject reflected in the poems of the troubadours and trouvПres? Rebirth of Classical learning Which of the following does NOT describe the Crusades? Fostered religious tolerance in the West The outstanding composer-poet of the Ars nova was: Machaut The French courtly love song of the Middle Ages was called the: Chanson Which of the following composed Ma fin est mon commencement? Machaut Which of the following does NOT characterize Ma fin est mon commencement? It has a monophonic texture What is the form of a rondeau? ABaAabAB The expressive device that Renaissance composers used to pictorialize words musically is called Word-painting Which of the following was the most important secular genre of the sixteenth century? Madrigal Where was the madrigal first developed? Italy The vivid depiction of a text through music, known as word-painting, is a hallmark of the: Madrigal Why are the madrigals of Arcadelt so important? They brought a new level of expression to the madrigal. Madrigals with simpler and more accessible texts were especially favored in: England The invention of the printing press allowed: a. books to become available to the middle class. b. people in the middle class to learn how to read music. c. the spread of education and literacy. D*** all of the above Which of the following was a characteristic of medieval art abandoned in the Renaissance? space organized in a succession of planes Which genre of vocal music was NOT used in Renaissance church services? Chanson What best describes the texture of ideal Renaissance sacred music? Imitative The fixed melody used as a basis for elaborate polyphonic writing in the Renaissance was called A Cantus Firmus Which early Renaissance composer exerted a powerful influence on generations of composers who followed? Josquin Des Prez The text of Ave Maria . . . virgo serena is: in praise of the Virgin Mary The portion of the Mass that remains the same in every celebration of the service is called: the Ordinary The portion of the Mass that changes from day to day, depending on the feast celebrated, is called: the Proper What was the primary language of the Mass? Latin Which of the following are the movements of the Ordinary of the Mass? Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei The first section of the Ordinary of the Mass, a plea for mercy, is called the: Kyrie Which section of the Ordinary of the Mass is a confession of faith? Credo Which of the following was a leader in the Protestant Reformation? Martin Luther In the churches of Luther and Calvin, the musical emphasis was on: Inclusion of instruments in the service Which composer responded to the reforms of the Council of Trent in an exemplary fashion? Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Medieval instruments can be classified as bas or haut, meaning: Soft or Loud The ________ is an end-blown flute with a breathy tone. Recorder Early instruments used for outdoor performances, such as the shawm and the sackbut, were categorized as: Loud Tielman Susato published music in which major European center? Antwerp The depth resulting from simultaneous events in music is described by the term: Texture An interval spanning eight notes is called an Octave A group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, is called a Key In harmony, the ________ is considered a place of rest and return. Tonic The three most important triads in diatonic harmony are: I, IV, and V. When a melody is transposed to another key, what remains the same? Shape of melodic line A texture in which a single voice takes over the melodic interest while the accompanying voices are subordinate is called: Homophony The procedure in which a melodic idea is presented in one voice and then restated in another is called: Imitation The basic structural concepts in the element of form are: Repetition and Contrast The compositional technique whereby a composer searches out a themes capacity for growth and expansion is known as: Thematic development A basic technique in thematic development is the fragmentation of themes into: Motives The rate of speed at which a piece of music is played is its: Tempo Scat-singing is common in: Jazz Which of the following is NOT a double-reed instrument? Clarinet Which of the following brass instruments is sometimes played with the performers hand plugging the bell? French Horn Which of the following is an unpitched percussion instrument? Timpani What is the name for a Balinese or Javanese orchestra made up largely of gongs, drums, and xylophone-like instruments? Gamelan The overall shape of a melody is called its range. False; it is contour A phrase is a component unit of a melody. True The phrases in the tune Amazing Grace are of unequal length. False The melody of The Star-Spangled Banner is best described as conjunct. True Polyrhythms are characteristic of musics of many African cultures True Harmonic movement in music receives its maximum tension from consonance. False; consonance A sharp lowers a musical tone by a half step. False; raises it The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can cause tension in music until it is resolved. True A single-voiced texture is called monophony. True A movement is a complete, comparatively independent division of a large-scale work. True Plato felt that music without words was lacking in artistic taste. True The violin was highly developed by Italian instrument makers between about 1600 and 1750. True The viola is somewhat smaller and higher pitched than the violin. False; lower pitched Chamber music is intended for a small group of performers, with one player to a part. True A genre is a category or type of music repertory. True String instruments are generally played by either bowing or plucking. True A type of English entertainment combining music, poetry, and dance was called the: Oratorio Luther believed that music belonged to the: Congregation What is the form of the chorale tune Wachet auf? Bar, AAB Why is Messiah so popular in Britain and America today? a. It is sung in English. b. The first part is appropriate for the Christmas season. c. It combines vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra. d. all of the above ________ was born in Germany and studied in Italy, but spent much of his creative life in England. Handel The famous choral climax of Handels Messiah is: The Hallelujah Chorus In seventeenth-century New England, the Puritan practice of singing that is based on call and response was called: Lining-out The Alla hornpipe movement from Water Music is characterized by: Lively duple meter The solo instrument in Spring, from The Four Seasons, is the: Violin The opening movement of Spring, from The Four Seasons, is in ________ form. Ritornello The harpsichord is different from the piano because: a. it sometimes has two keyboards, rather than one. b. its strings are plucked, rather than struck. c. it is not capable of a wide dynamic range. d. all of the above How many voices, or individual lines, are there in Bachs Contrapunctus I, from The Art of Fugue? Four Which of the following is NOT a type of thematic development? literally repeating a melody at the same pitch level In absolute music, the lack of a prescribed story or text to hold the music together makes the element of ________ especially important. Form A rondo is most typically found in the ________ movement of a Classical multimovement cycle. Last Haydn enjoyed phenomenal musical success with two trips to ________. London, England How many symphonies did Haydn compose? Over 100 Mozarts Eine kleine Nachtmusik is an example of a: Serenade Eine kleine Nachtmusik is: a. German for A Little Night Music. c. a symphony for full orchestra. b. an example of program music. d. all of the above We can best regard sonata-allegro form as a drama between: Two key areas Which of the following best describes the opening of the first movement of Mozarts Eine kleine Nachtmusik? It has a marchlike character. The cadenza in the Classical concerto appears: End of the first movement Which of the following does NOT describe Mozarts piano concertos? He rarely performed his own works, preferring to spotlight his students. What is the form of the first movement of Mozarts Piano Concerto in G Major, K. 453? First-movement concerto form In his third compositional period, Beethoven Used more chromatic harmonies Beethoven gave his Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 the designation: Quasi una fantasia The third movement of Beethovens Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 is: Filled with restless emotion With which symphony did Beethoven begin to expand the possibilities of the genre? Third The Ode to Joy is the finale of Beethovens: Ninth Symphony The text of the Ode to Joy was written by: Schiller How many movements does Beethovens Symphony No. 5 have? Four Which of the following does NOT describe the final movement of Beethovens Symphony No. 5? The movement ends in despair, just like the first movement. Which Beethoven symphony was selected to celebrate the fall of the Berlin Wall? Ninth The Catalogue Aria from Mozarts Don Giovanni lists Don Giovannis: Conquests Mozarts Requiem was: His last work, incomplete upon death The text of Mozarts Requiem is sung in: Latin The German term for the art song is: Lied A song form in which the same melody is repeated for every stanza of text is called: Strophic Schubert and his friends organized evening gatherings of artists, writers, and musicians, called: Schubertiads Robert Schumanns A Poets Love is set to texts by: Henrich Heine What nationality was Stephen Foster? American Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is: Minstrel song Chopin spent his early years in: Poland Chopin spent most of his productive life in: Paris Which of the following was a noted woman composer of the Romantic era? Clara Schumann In which country was Franz Liszt born? Austria Louis Moreau Gottschalk based many of his works on: South American and Caribbean songs. The familiar tune quoted near the end of Gottschalks work The Banjo is: Camptown Races A multimovement, programmatic work for orchestra is called a: Program symphony Which of the following is NOT true of Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? The program deals entirely with nature In Berliozs Symphonie fantastique, what is the idà ©e fixe? the basic theme of the symphony, heard in every movement Music written for plays, generally consisting of an overture and a series of pieces to be performed between acts, is called: Incidental Which of the following does NOT characterize a symphonic poem? It consistently retains Classical form Which of the following is NOT a type of orchestral program music? Concerto The Mighty Five were composers from: Russia Which of the following was NOT a Russian composer? Smetana Morning Mood from Griegs Peer Gynt depicts: His love for his mother Which young composer did Robert and Clara Schumann take into their home? Brahms Brahms wrote ________ symphonies. Four Brahms is often described as a(n) ________ because of his use of the forms established by the Classical masters. Traditionalist Which of the following best describes the style of the third movement of Brahmss Symphony No. 3? Melancholic waltz Which of the following was NOT a leading composer of Italian opera? Bizet The term bel canto refers to: a style of singing that features agility and purity of tone. Verdis opera Nabucco was hugely popular in Italy because it Was interpreted as a sign of Italian independence Wagners total artwork, in which all the arts- music, poetry, drama, visual spectacle- are fused together, is called: the Gesamtkunstwerk. The dominant center of ballet in the early nineteenth century was: France Which of the following is NOT a major figure in post-Romanticism? Brahms The leading composer of Italian opera in the late-Romantic era was: Puccini Puccinis Madame Butterfly is: a tragic tale of a Japanese geisha and a U.S. naval officer. The Japanese shamisen is: A plucked string instrument Of which genre is Faurà © is considered to be a master? song The form of the Libera me from Faurà ©s Requiem is: ABA Impressionism: Sun Rising, the painting that sparked the Impressionist art movement, was created by: Monet Impressionism was a style of painting that was cultivated principally in: Paris Which of the following painters was NOT associated with the Impressionist school? Goya The whole-tone scale used by Impressionist composers derives from: Non-western music The overall form of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun is best described as: ABA What is unusual about the opening of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? It opens with a flute solo in the velvety lower register. African slaves in the nineteenth century created a genre of religious song called: spirituals The spiritual Swing Low, Sweet Chariot reflects qualities of which tradition(s)? a. Native American c. European American b. African American d. all of the above Which American composer became known as the King of Ragtime? Joplin

One-child Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Enterprise 2.0 (blogs) - Assignment Example PricewaterhouseCoopers uses media sharing sites and social networks as part of its operations processes. The global adoption of these media has a direct impact on customers, employees, investors and stakeholders. In web 2.0, customers and stakeholders create their own versions of the firm. Web 2.0 also helps the firm to improve and protect its stakeholder’s values. PricewaterhouseCoopers uses blogs and wikis as a business strategy. This means that Web 2.0 is used to enhance the brand reputation of the firm. It is also used as a platform for communicating with markets. Internally, Web 2.0 provides competitive advantages through the engagement of employees in the process of generating or creating ideas and solving customer problems (Rother, 2010). PricewaterhouseCoopers looks at its top business priorities and evaluates the roles of social media in supporting these goals. This means that Web 2.0 offers innovative ways of building strong relationships with customers and other sta keholders. Web 2.0 offers PricewaterhouseCoopers a platform for enhancing transparency. Rumors and news travel instantly through these social media platforms. They have immediate impacts on the opinions generated by the investment community, regulators and industry analysts. PWC also uses Web 2.0 as a tool for governance (Basole, 2008). The firm’s engagement in social media activities involves numerous risks. The firm uses the platform to identify and assess risks and risk management. PWC is a successful business that has established governance structures, which include procedures and policies that allow flexibility and the setting of parameters that will guide interactions. PWC has taken emerging risk audit to evaluate the implication of social media before an issue or risk occurs. Web 2.0 has the ability to control interactions and resolve issues before they explode to full-scale problems. It has

Things i dont like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Things i dont like - Essay Example The dislike of presenting, as far as I can tell from my particular perspective, is rooted in a fear of public speaking. Since this issue is commonly discussed in school, I had expected it to be well covered in literature. This was a correct assumption, but an initial glance at the research and theories of this condition presented a bit of a shock. For some reason, I hadnt considered that the problem might be linked to an anxiety disorder. To make it clear, I was well aware that I felt extremely anxious about presentations, but I did not ever think of it as a health concern. However, it does cause me distress and sometimes impedes my regular life, so an official assessment might tell a different story. This revelation strengthened my resolve, and gave meaning to the new goal of reducing my anxiety in public speaking situations. The next logical step in the process was to determine the factors that underlie the anxious response. A 2010 study (Nelson 282) suggests that biased processing in the brain is associated with anxiety disorders. Their study found that someone with public speaking anxiety is more likely to overestimate the risk of negative social interactions in both frequency and impact. This makes sense from an outside perspective, but I still feel stubborn to admit any exaggeration on my part. This is the kind of information I will need to become more open to, so that I may benefit in the future. Public speaking and presentations are a part of life for students, and so I can only make it easier on myself by letting my guard down and addressing these potential biases in my own cognitive processing. This assignment was to address multiple objects of distain in my life, and it turns out that public speaking anxiety is the perfect segue to the second item I had intended to address . I hate embarrassing situations. In fact, I now understand that the fear of being publically embarrassed is probably the root

Causes of Diversity in Organisms

Causes of Diversity in Organisms In order to discuss why living organisms are so diverse it is firstly important to discuss what diversity actually is. By dictionary definition biodiversity, the diversity of living organisms, is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or a particular habitat.(Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2003 revised edition). However in 1992 the definition was clarified for scientific purposes by the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It defined biodiversity as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part: this includes diversity within species, diversity between species and of ecosystems.(www.urbanecology.org.au/wikipedia) From this definition we can split biodiversity into three separate groups; intra-species and inter-species diversity as well as diversity between ecosystems. Intra-species diversity can be due to two things; an acquired adaptation or a genetic adaptation. Organisms that have adapted to their environment are efficient in maintaining the fundamentals in the continuation of the species e.g. the ability to obtain water, food and nutrients. Other examples are the ability of the organism to reproduce, or cope with varying physical conditions such as heat and light intensity and respond to any of these changes in their environments. Acquired adaptations are those in which the species changes in order to adapt to a change in the environment without any change in genetics e.g. a mutation. An example is the long neck in a giraffe. It is agreed that giraffes have a long neck because long necked giraffes have coped with their environment better then short necked giraffes. They have mated more successfully and now all giraffes have long necks due to the continual mating of long necks and without a mutation occurring. Genetic adaptations are much more complex. They occur from a mutation in the DNA which has allowed one member of the species to be more successful than the rest. This advantage has allowed them to survive and mate, passing on the trait to the next generation, which will also survive while the others die out. Since one in every ten million genes mutate there are many different types of mutations that can occur. A substitution is where a single base changes from one form to another e.g. from AGG to AGC. An insertion is when an extra base is added into the sequence meaning a change in the codon triplets for the rest of the chain. A deletion is when a section of DNA is lost completely again changing the codon triplets. The change in the codon triplets which results in a complete change in the proteins produced is termed a Frameshift. Most mutations would lead to the death any offspring the organism may produce, as the mutation will inhibit the production of vital proteins. Some mutations however are beneficial to the organism, allowing it to gain an advantage over others and survive while the others die out. An example of this would be E. Coli. adaptation to high and low temperatures. E. Coli. was cultured for 2000 generations at 37C, the internal body temperature of Humans, where E. Coli. is most active. Three E. Coli. were then taken from this sample and one cultured at 32C, the second at 37C and the third at 42C. The new cultures where then compared to the older one by forcing them to compete with one another. It was found that the sample cultured at 32C was 10% fitter than the original(it out competed it by 10%) and that the culture grown at 42C was 20 % fitter then the original. This experiment showed that new, beneficial mutations are capable of adapting to new environments in as little as 2000 generations. (Bennet, A.F., Lenski, R.E., Mittler, J.E.(1992). Evolutionary adaptation to temperature I. Fitness responses of Escherichia coli to changes in its thermal environment. Evolution, 46:16-30.) These mutations can occur in many ways. Recombination is the formation of a new allele combination in a gamete, and new allele combinations lead to a mutation. It results from the swapping of genes at the chiasmata. This is where the chromatids are able to swap over, however it is a very delicate procedure as not a single difference in nucleotides can occur or frameshifting would occur. Independent assortment is the process of randomly pairing chromosomes to produce the widest variety of gametes possible during fertilisation. This increases the likelihood of an unusual pairing occurring which may turn out to be beneficial to the species. This may combine with chromosomal swaps to massively increase variation in species. Outbreeding is when the species breeds with similar species from a different habit, to produce an offspring with the characteristics of both parents. The species from the new habitat may be resistant to diseases the original can not fight, or the old species may be able to survive conditions the new can not. When these mate, both of the new positive traits can be passed on, creating a stronger species than before, that can inhabit new environments. Gene flow is the term for the transfer of genes from one population to another. Once all these mutations have occurred it becomes a case of survival of the fittest. If a disease comes along that kills most of the population, but not those that have mutated, then the mutated individuals will breed, creating a stronger version of the species than before. The weakest die and the strongest survive, even if this means 99% of the population dies to leave the few that have mutated. Over time the population will reach its former size, with every individual resistant to the disease. This decreases the gene pool but allows the species to survive and create a new gene pool which will grow. From this example it is clear that the environment in which the organisms live controls the diversity. For example, if land forms and splits up a species into two different locations, then the two will evolve separately and form different characteristics. An example of this is Darwins Finches. These are 14 different, but closely related, species of finches. They are located on the Galapagos Islands and were discovered by Charles Darwin on his voyages. The Galapagos islands are very new islands, formed only 5 million years ago by volcanic action. A species of finch has inhabited each island, evolving from a single ancestor which would have landed on the original volcanic protrusion from the sea. Darwin noticed that each species of finch had evolved separately from the others, developing distinct features to cope with the different environments e.g. beak shape or length, depending on food available on the island.(Galapagosonline.com)